R-Star, often represented as r∗, signifies the "natural rate of interest." This concept is used in economics to denote the ideal interest rate for an economy. It reflects the rate at which the economy can grow at its maximum potential, characterized by full employment and stable inflation. R-star can be compared to the Goldilocks rate—neither too high nor too low. It indicates a balanced condition where the economy is functioning optimally—not too hot (which could lead to high inflation) and not too cold (which would cause high unemployment).

A rally is defined as a rebound in price following a period of decline. It represents a phase where the price of an asset experiences consistent upward movement. Typically, a rally occurs after a timeframe in which prices have remained stagnant or have decreased.

Trading ranges refer to periods when a financial instrument experiences sideways price movement, fluctuating within a defined price band. During such periods, the market lacks a clear trend, oscillating between support and resistance levels. Traders can capitalize on these price movements by implementing a range trading strategy. Let’s explore the concept of trading ranges and provide insights into successful range trading.

The value of one currency expressed in relation to another currency.

The Rate-of-Change (ROC) is a technical indicator that quantifies the percentage difference between the current price and the price from x days prior. This indicator, often simply called Momentum, serves as a pure momentum oscillator.

In general terms, a recession is commonly understood to be two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth. Since GDP reflects the total amount of goods and services produced during a specific period, it is regarded as the most comprehensive indicator of economic health.